CFD-Based Drag Optimization of Mercedes W11 Formula One Wing Using Ansys Fluent

The wing model was recreated with complex curvature, flaps, and endplates to accurately represent the real W11 geometry. CFD simulations were conducted under steady-state conditions using Ansys Fluent, with the SST k-omega turbulence model employed to effectively capture near-wall and separated flow regions. Streamline and velocity contour plots were analyzed to study the aerodynamic flow behavior and validate the effectiveness of the design modifications.

Velocity and Wake Formation

As shown in the velocity contour plots, the airflow accelerates significantly over the upper surfaces of the wing elements while remaining attached along the lower surface. Flow visualization reveals a clean wake profile, indicating minimal flow separation and well-controlled aerodynamic loading. The peak local velocity reached approximately 46 m/s, demonstrating successful acceleration across the high-camber flap elements. Additionally, the upper flap generated a distinct low-pressure region responsible for downforce generation, while simultaneously minimizing the strength of trailing vortices.

Streamline Analysis

The streamline plots highlight critical aspects of the wing's aerodynamic performance. The streamlines bend smoothly over the upper surfaces with very limited trailing turbulence, confirming stable airflow behavior. A mild vortex formation is observed near the junction of the flaps, but without major separation, indicating efficient flow redirection. Furthermore, the endplate interaction with the main flow effectively minimizes tire wake influence, thereby maintaining aerodynamic stability and reducing cross-flow interference.

Drag Optimization Impact

Design refinements led to a noticeable reduction in pressure drag across the frontal section of the wing. This optimization also resulted in reduced wake turbulence downstream, causing less aerodynamic disturbance for the rear aero components. As a result, the refined design enhances both straight-line speed and corner entry consistency, which are essential performance factors in competitive motorsports.

This CFD-based drag optimization of the Mercedes W11 Formula One front wing demonstrates how precise aerodynamic design and simulation can dramatically improve performance. By leveraging Ansys Fluent for airflow simulation, this study successfully reduced drag while maintaining critical downforce levels and minimizing wake turbulence.

Such simulation-based workflows are essential in high-performance motorsport engineering, where every millisecond counts. The results underscore the power of Computational Fluid Dynamics in optimizing complex aerodynamic systems for both professional racing and automotive R&D applications.